Wanting to live forever – or at least as long as possible – is a concept built into the human spirit. In fact, most Americans want to make it to 100, according to a survey conducted by the Stanford Center on Longevity, in partnership with TIME magazine. Advances in medical technology and a better understanding of a healthy lifestyle have helped raise our overall life expectancy. And it seems religion and spirituality are additional key ingredients for longevity.

Religion and Longevity

People with religious affiliation tend to live longer than those without ties to religion, according to a study published in Social Psychological and Personality Science. Researchers from Ohio State University conducted two studies involving obituaries. The first study analyzed 500 obituaries published in the Des Moines Register between January and February 2012, while the second study analyzed more than 1,000 obituaries published online in 42 major U.S. cities between August 2010 and August 2011. After factoring in gender and marital status – significant influencers over lifespan – results from both studies suggested that religious involvement increased longevity by an average of 4 years, ranging from 3.82 to 6.48 years. Researchers attributed differences in longevity to individual personalities and the average religiosity of cities.

Based on the study results and results from similar studies, Ohio State researchers believe that religion promotes a healthier lifestyle by discouraging substance use and multiple sex partners. Generally, clergy encourage followers to be grateful and pray and/or meditate, which eases stress. Because houses of worship commonly host functions, organize committees, and offer volunteer opportunities, researchers verified the boost in longevity was, in fact, tied to religiosity, and not socializing or volunteering. They reported involvement in social and volunteer activities accounted for less than one year of longevity.

JAMA Internal Medicine also published a study with similar outcomes. Researchers from Harvard’s T.H. Chan School of Public Health assessed attendance at religious services using a self-reported question included in the Nurses’ Health Study, a study involving almost 75,000 women free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at the start of the study. After adjusting for demographics, lifestyle behaviors and medical history, researchers concluded that frequent attendance at religious services significantly lowered women’s overall risk of dying, as well as dying specifically from heart disease or cancer.

The National Alliance on Mental Illnesses also credits religion with psychological benefits. Religious rituals help you cope with the loss of a loved one and religious education teaches life lessons that can help you make sense of difficult situations. Some experts have also found that emotional well-being can affect your lifespan. One example is a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America that found older people are likely to live longer if they’re typically happy and content.

And Vanderbilt University researchers found in a recent study that middle-aged men and women who attend religious services lower their risk of dying by 55 percent. Researchers hypothesize that worshipping lowers stress levels.

Spirituality and Longevity

Researchers also found value in spirituality. Spirituality, defined as the way individuals look for meaning, purpose and a sense of interconnectedness with the universe, other people, or a higher power, should be incorporated into care for both serious illness and overall health, according to a study led by researchers at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Brigham and Women's Hospital, published in JAMA in July 2022. Key findings from that study showed that spiritual community participation is associated with greater longevity, less depression and suicide, and less substance use. For patients facing serious illness, spirituality significantly influences quality of life and medical decision-making.

Spirituality may contribute to longevity because it provides a sense of meaning and purpose, which is challenging for those struggling with behavioral health conditions, such as depression, addiction and anxiety. These conditions foster feelings of hopelessness and/or meaninglessness. Spirituality helps people connect to something larger than themselves, helping restore a sense of direction and reason to keep going. Spiritual practices like prayer, meditation, mindfulness, or scripture also provide concrete tools to help people manage stress, grief and difficult emotions, rather than turning to harmful behaviors.

What If You’re Not Religious or Spiritual?

If you're not religious or spiritual, don’t worry. The bottom line of these studies is that religion and spirituality help cultivate a healthy mindset. If you’re not religious or spiritual and don’t plan to be, talk to your doctor about how to manage your stress and maintain a positive outlook.

If you need a primary care physician, check out MDVIP, a nationwide network of doctors who have the time and tools to create a personalized wellness program that can help you focus on your mental health and longevity. Find a physician near you and begin your partnership in health »

Wanting to live forever – or at least as long as possible – is a concept built into the human spirit. In fact, most Americans want to make it to 100, according to a survey conducted by the Stanford Center on Longevity, in partnership with TIME magazine. Advances in medical technology and a better understanding of a healthy lifestyle have helped raise our overall life expectancy. And it seems religion is another key ingredient for longevity, as people with religious affiliations tend to live longer than those without ties to religion, according to a study published in Social Psychological and Personality Science.

Researchers from Ohio State University conducted two studies involving obituaries. The first study analyzed 500 obituaries published in the Des Moines Register between January and February 2012, while the second study analyzed more than 1,000 obituaries published online in 42 major cities across the U.S. between August 2010 and August 2011.

After factoring in gender and marital status – significant influencers over lifespan – results from both studies suggested religious involvement increased longevity by an average of four years and ranged between 3.82 and 6.48 years. Researchers attribute the differences in longevity to individual personalities and average religiosity of cities.

How Might Spirituality Improve Health?

Because houses of worship commonly host functions, organize committees and offer volunteer opportunities, researchers verified the boost in longevity was in fact tied to religiosity and not socializing or volunteering. They reported involvement in social and volunteer activities accounted for less than one year of longevity.

“This is a correlation study, which establishes a relationship between two variables -- in this case, religion and longevity -- but not a cause and effect,” says Bernard Kaminetsky, MD, medical director, MDVIP. “However, understanding the health benefits of religion is relatively unchartered territory that needs more research, not so much to prove its value, but to understand how it helps.”

Additional Research on Religion & Health

Ohio State’s study is not the first of its kind. JAMA Internal Medicine also published a study with similar outcomes. Researchers from Harvard’s T.H. Chan School of Public Health assessed attendance at religious services using a self-reported question included in the Nurses’ Health Study – a study involving almost 75,000 women free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at the start of the study. After adjusting for demographics, lifestyle behaviors and medical history, researchers concluded that frequent attendance at religious services significantly lowered women’s overall risk of dying, as well as dying specifically from heart disease or cancer.

Another study conducted in 2022 by researchers from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Brigham and Women’s Hospital also found that spirituality helps with serious illnesses and overall health, according to study published in JAMA. Results from this study has led researchers to recommend incorporate spirituality into care.

And Vanderbilt University researchers found in a recent study that middle aged men and women who attend religious services lower their risk of dying by 55 percent. Researchers hypothesize that worshipping lowers stress levels.

Religion & Mental Health

The National Alliance on Mental Illnesses also credits religion with psychological benefits. Religious rituals help you cope with the loss of a loved one and religious education teaches life lessons that can help you make sense of difficult situations. And some experts have found emotional well-being can affect your lifespan. One example is a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America that found older people are likely to live longer if they’re typically happy and content.

But what happens if you're not religious and don't ever plan to be? Not to worry. “I think the bottom line of both these studies is that religion helps cultivate a healthy mind set,” says Kaminetsky. “If you’re not religious and don’t have any plan to practice a religion, discuss ways to manage your stress with your doctor.”

Need a primary care physician? Check out MDVIP, a nationwide network of doctors who have the time and tools to create a personalized wellness program. Find a physician near you and begin your partnership in health »